为什么黄桃会被做成罐头？******
最近，黄桃罐头可谓是一罐难求。不少网友表示：“小时候每次发烧感冒，妈妈都会给我买黄桃罐头冰镇吃”“东北小孩，哪个童年时代，生病了不得吃一罐罐头？”
那么，你知道好端端的黄桃为什么要被做成罐头？为什么黄桃罐头可以在东北“封神”吗？
黄桃有哪些特点？
黄桃不易保存。黄桃是最易腐烂变质的水果之一，采摘以后，通常只能保存四五天。
黄桃自身特性决定它适合做罐头。黄桃具备三个特点：肉黄、黏核、不溶质，反而都是做罐头的优势。黏核的黄桃靠近果核的果肉不会被染成红色，做成罐头颜色更漂亮；黄桃果肉坚硬，纤维少，经过高温蒸煮后果肉依然紧实不散，汤汁金黄清亮，做出的罐头颜值高、卖相好。
图源：摄图网
黄桃加工成罐头可以有效改良黄桃的口感。黄桃本身偏酸，加上白糖蒸煮过后，酸甜可口，口感更佳，满足大众挑剔的口味。
罐头类的食品防腐剂很多吗？
有些人很喜欢吃水果罐头，却不太敢吃，觉得罐头保质期很长，肯定添加了许多防腐剂，吃了可能会对身体不好。但事实却是，水果罐头一般没有防腐剂，因为不需要。
新鲜水果变坏是因为受到了有害微生物的污染，微生物靠着水果中的营养进一步繁殖，进一步加剧水果的腐烂变质。 而罐头是新鲜水果经过清洗、挑选、去核等工序后进一步加工的，会经过高温杀菌处理。先在85℃条件下，恒温杀菌10分钟，然后再在92℃条件下继续杀菌10~12分钟，最后再把氧气排干净，形成负压，密封保存起来。有的是在121℃条件下直接灭菌20分钟以上。
水果罐头的工艺流程 图源：参考文献
整个流程下来不仅已经不含有致病性微生物，而且也不含有在通常温度下可繁殖的非致病性微生物。外面的也进不去，所以黄桃罐头就不需要防腐剂了。
其他罐头基本也不含防腐剂。目前我国的罐头生产工艺，大多数罐头生产厂家都靠灌装密封和长时间超高温加热来进行灭菌处理，这样处理以后，再顽强的细菌微生物也活不了啦，也不需要防腐剂帮忙！因此，你只要注意查看罐头的配料表就会发现，市面上的罐头基本都不含防腐剂。偷偷说一句，防腐剂也要钱啊！
黄桃罐头营养价值高吗？
有人觉得黄桃罐头没有营养，不如直接吃黄桃。这样的想法可就错了。
罐头里的水果都很新鲜的，很多都是在刚摘下来不久的时候就被做成罐头了。所以，黄桃罐头的桃肉是很新鲜的！
罐头里通常还会额外添加维生素C抗氧化、延长保质期，所以维生素C含量可能比新鲜黄桃更有优势。黄桃最值得一提的营养是类胡萝卜素，无论是鲜果还是罐头，二者含量差异都不大。它可以在体内转化为维生素A，对眼睛的健康有益。
图源：摄图网
虽然罐头一般都经过了高温灭菌处理，一些维生素C这样不耐热的营养素会被破坏，但是还有一些耐热的维生素和营养素都还是被完完整整地保存下来了。所以，只能说有些罐头的营养比新鲜水果蔬菜略微少一些，但绝对不是毫无营养！
不过在出现咳嗽症状时，建议还是要少吃。山西医科大学第二医院呼吸与危重症医学科副主任高晓玲提醒，食用黄桃罐头这样的甜食会加重咳嗽。一方面是因为甜食可直接刺激咽喉部位的神经，反射性地引起咳嗽，使咳嗽加重；另一方面是因为糖会刺激咽喉黏膜，导致咽喉部分泌物增加，加之糖的黏性较大，使分泌物更加黏稠，从而导致痰液不易咳出，并加重咳嗽。还有咳嗽如果是呼吸道感染引起的症状，甜食中的糖分会导致细菌大量滋生繁殖，所以会加重咳嗽。
来源：人民日报健康客户端、中国新闻网、生命时报、科普中国、健康热点科普号、武汉市场监管
参考文献：江舰,尤逢惠,朱莉昵. 黄桃罐头加工工艺技术研究[J]. 农产品加工,2017,(09):32-34.
整理：刘雪洁 蔡琳
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
